Paper 3 Literary Criticism

Name : Sejal N. Solanki 

Roll No. : 36

Semester : 1.

Batch : 2019 - 2021

Enrollment No. : 2069108420200037

Email : sejal.solanki3107@gmail.com

Class : M.A. Sem : 1

Paper : 3. ( Literary Criticism ) 

Topic : Wordsworth Age. 

Submitted by Dr. Dilip Barad 

    Department of English 

Maharaja Krishnakumar singhji Bhavnagar University.

Word Count : 1486

Wordsworth  and Colreidge

Introduction 

Age of Wordsworth is the age of revolution in the history of politics and of what is broadly known as the romantic triumph in Literature as W.J. Long point out in the history of English literature about the age of Romanticism.

" The first half of the 19th century 

records democracy in government 

And Romanticism in Literature." 

The close of the 18th century witnessed several changes which resulted in the revolution at the bottom of both political and literary movements several accept like American Commonwealth and declaration of independence ( 1706 ), French revolution with its ideas of Liberty brotherhood and the rights of man and the democracy in England by reform bill of 1832 lied. This all were invited table results with which literature and society rapidly grow.

Romantic means love or romance. Romantic showing regarding life in an unrealistic and idealized way. Romanticism is a literary and artistic movement which emphasized creative inspiration and emotion. Another name for the age of Wordsworth is Back to the Nature and Return to the nature and the Romantic Age. 

1. Revolution in the History of Politicas
2. Accompanied by Naturalism.

" The genius of poetry must work

 out its own salvation in a man. It cannot

 be matured by law and precept but 

by sensation and watchfulness in itself."

• Keats 

Three democratic ideals of French revolution liberty , Brotherhood , the rights of Man. Influence of French Revolution in 1789.

" Bliss was it in that Dawn to be alive ,

But to be young was very heaven."  

                                            -    Wordsworth

William Wordsworth 

William Wordsworth was born in 1770 and died in 1850. We can show the four parts of Wordsworth's life.

In the ' Advertisement ' included in the 1798 edition , Wordsworth explained his poetical concept :

" The majority of the following poems are to be considered as experiments. They were written  chiefly with a view to ascertain how far the language of conversation in the middle and lower classes of society is adapted to the purposes of poetic pleasure."

• His childhood and youth ( 1770 - 1787 ).

      - Cumberland hills - birth 

• A period of University life at Cambridge , Travels , Stress and Experience ( 1787 - 1797 ).
• A short period of his work ( 1797 - 1799 ).  
• A long period of Retirement ( 1799 - 1850 ).

" Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of 

powerful feelings whose impression

 is recollected in tranquility "

• Wordsworth

• Wordsworth was a strong devotee of nature. 
• Collection of Lucky poems and Prelude.

Wordsworth is the great poet in the romantic age. He was not such a great poem in that age. He wrote about nature, love ,  romance etc. 

" When I write poetry of nature herself

 comes and writing her autobiography." 

• Wordsworth

In those lines what's talking about nature in these lines he was talking about nature and he tells that  nature comes herself and wrote her autobiography.

Wordsworth is great nature poet and he always brought about nature love and romance in all his poems.

• Wordsworth use to believe that the language of poetry should be the language of common.
• Human feelings, nature and his own experience vacancy in his poems.

Most important work in Romanticism was Lyrical Ballads ( 1798 - 1800 - 1802 ) 

• Collaborated work means Wordsworth and Colreidge poems.
• Coleridge wrote 4 poems.
• 'Preface' is most important in lyrical ballad.
• They have given theory of poetry in preface in romanticism.

It was in 1797 third the new Romantic movement in English literature took its definite forms. Wordsworth and Colreidge collaboratively formed such literature that passed or classical poetry could never do with their efforts and famous 'Lyrical Ballads' was published in 1798.

In their partnership Coleridge was to take up 'The Supernatural' while Wordsworth was 'To give the charm of novelty to the things of everyday life showing as the wonders and loveliness of the world'.

W. J. Long in his history of English literature notes about Lyrical Ballads " Wordsworth and Colreidge written only this one little book ( Lyrical Ballads ) they would still be among the most important writers of Romanticism.

Wordsworth set himself to the task of freeing poetry from all complexity and speaking the language of simple trust and portraying man and nature as they are. In his poetry we find beauty, passion, intensity, emotions packed in simple lines.

• Poems of nature e.g  Daffodils , Prelude.
•  Beauty of the world. 

" Of all the poets who have written

 of Nature , there is none that

 compares with Wordsworth in his

Truthfulness and emotions." 

He has written so much poem of the life of common people. For e.g . Child is the father of Man - Rainbow and Michael poem about farmer and tintern abbey poem etc. 

• To his nature philosophy of 

Poetry of human nature , he has written so much poem of the life of common people / simple human life .

        " The child is the father of Man." 

                        -  Rainbow 

• Important poem - ' Michael ' about farmer.
• E.G. ' Tintern Abbey ' - poem of human nature. 

            

        " To his natural philosophy of Man

Wordsworth adds that every

 natural objective is 

everywhere , man Divine spirit."

Collection of his shorter poems - ' 'Recluse' an unfinished work , Posthumously published , only two poems were published. 

Samuel Taylor Colreidge

• Wordsworth and coleridge combine and wrote Lyrical Ballads.
• ' The Time of the Ancient Mariner ' most important and first poem. 

The Rime of the Ancient Mariner

"  Alone,  alone, all alone, all alone,

                Alone on a wide , wide sea..!!

• He was a poet of supernatural.
• Narrative poet. 
• 3 works :- Poetry , Critical , Philosophical.

The work of cold region naturally divided themselves into three classes

1.  The poetic( early period ) 
2. The critical ( middle period )
3. The Philosophical ( the later period).

" All that he did might be bound

 up in 20 pages but it should 

be bound in pure Gold." 

• Stopford Brooke

•  Who was opium eater and a day dreamer.

" My eyes make picture when they are shut." 

• Christabel - 2 poem :- story of simple girl, love and philosopher.
• Early poems were influenced by William Black.
• 'A Day Dreamer'. ' The Devil's thought; The suside's argument.
• Middle period : prose work (autobiography).
• Miner poems ' Youth and age , Work without hope , fears in solitude'.

William Wordsworth would be named by many people as England's greatest Poet with Coleridge produced the famous volume of Lyrical Ballads. ' Which first appeared in 1798 and which  marked the beginning of romantic revolution in English poetry. Wordsworth's most important work is to be found in his philosophical natural and autobiographical poems like "The prelude", " The Recluse", " Lucy poems", " Michel" ect. He was a true devotee of nature and also a lake poet.

Coleridge was Wordsworth friend and collaborated in his lyrical ballads he was an important literary critic his "biographia literaria" is a study of Wordsworth poetry he was also a philosopher. The ordinary reader knows Colreidge as the other of 'The Ancient Mariner'. It is one of the best of all English narrative poems the two other important poems are 'Christabel' and ' Kubla Khan'.

Lyrical Ballads

Preface to lyrical ballads is a collection of poems, first published in 1798 by two well known poet Wordsworth and Coleridge in Romantic Era. It is the beginning of the Romantic Movement in Literature. Wordsworth contributed the majority of the poems , and Coleridge contributed four poems to Lyrical Ballads than Wordsworth , most famous poem of Coleridge's " The Rime of The Ancient Mariner."

Main theme of Lyrical Ballads is the return to the original state of nature and subject of poetry was singal, shift to modern Literature.

Views of Wordsworth and Coleridge  Poem.

# Views on Poetry by Wordsworth      

• He sought to give the charm of Novelty to things of everyday object of Nature by colouring it with the power of imagination.

• Presented the common and simple life of peasants and shepherds realistic description of his experience.

• He remained of the Earth and his own time.

• He was a good Teacher and Moralist also.

• He have Lack Musical quality and he  'have no ear for fine sound. '

• Simplicity in Diction - no difference between prose and poetry.

• He uses high priest of Nature in his work.

# Samuel Taylor Colreidge

• He sought to give the charm of Novelty to things of everyday objects by making Supernatural nature.

• Introduced dream like quality - element of mystery - wonder and Supernatural.

• Went to middle ages - created the atmosphere of Magic and Mystery.

• He was a great Artist.

• Epicure in sounds master of Melody.

• Element of mysticism in Diction he differentiates pros and Poetry in Diction.

• Lived in the world of fancy and thoughts.

Conclusion

Wordsworth and Coleridge both have given a very important contribution to the literary world. Contemporary literature has also an influence of both. The introduction of nature by Wordsworth and supernatural world by Coleridge is still fresh as blossomed flower.