Imperialism, Colonialism

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Meaning of imperialism is a policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means.

"the struggle against imperialism"

Imaginary Homeland

 

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This great essay writern by Sir Ahmed Salman Rushdie (born 19 June 1947) is a British Indian novelist and essayist. His second novel, Midnight's Children (1981), won the Booker Prize in 1981 and was deemed to be "the best novel of all winners" on two separate occasions , marking the 25th and the 40th anniversary of the prize. Though Imaginary Homelands consists of a series of disparate essays on a wide variety of topics, threads of migration and the need to recreate the home environment run through many of the essays, playing a prominent role in the overall theme of the book. 

Rushdie writes extensively about his personal experience as an Indian man from a Muslim minority family, who was set apart from others despite the fact that neither he nor his parents have a strong affiliation with Islam. Later, Rushdie attended school in England, where he experienced racism first hand, feeling the pull of living between nations and the identity crisis that can result from that pull. In the title essay of the collection, “Imaginary Homelands,” Rushdie writes explicitly about these racist experiences and the way he felt torn between India and England, where he was making a new home. 

As a bilingual person, Rushdie was torn also between languages – he writes about how, even when returning to one’s home country, those who migrate no longer feel at home, because they have been inundated with ideologies from another world. As such, Rushdie makes it clear that “imaginary homelands” are essentially the fictional creations of migrants, who seek an understanding of the places they live now and the places they come from. 

They recreate these places in order to satisfy their loss in their real, physical lives – something that Rushdie says he did himself, writing on India, Pakistan, and London. Much of his fiction is set on the Indian subcontinent. He combines magical realism with historical fiction; his work is concerned with the many connections, diruptions, and migrations between Eastern and Western civilizations.

A Tempest

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Today I'm writing about the essay A Tempest, translated from the original French to English, is a stunning masterpiece in the shadow of the more popular Shakespearean play of many years gone.

In short, almost all of the characters are the same, and the storyline follows along the path of the original Shakespeare version, but this has an African twist that is straight from the heart of emancipation and freedom. Amazingly, the author is French born and bred, but while he was active he took many strides towards alleviating the pressure of Western culture upon the black minorities of the WORLD instead of just those of the Americas. A poet and politician, he did not turn from his roots, but rather he fought for them.

A Tempest is a short play, but laden with intellectual points and rife with critique on the Western culture. To Cesaire, the author, Western civilizations doctrines were debilitating not only minority races but itself. By becoming barbaric and cruel, westerners drop into barbarism and animalistic cruelty. Prospero, the ruler of the fated island, dictates this relationship with a very heavy hand. Ariel, a mulatto slave, attempts to win over his master through morality and pessimism while his counterpart, Caliban, speaks outright and demands that the injustices of Prospero's rule be recognized and alleviated. Thus unfolds the relationship that is at the center of this play, demanding that all hear the equally sound evidence of Ariel and Caliban in face of great opposition. A sheer stroke of genius can be said for this simple, delightful read that begs to be performed and worked with in even today's culture.

Black skin white mask

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This book is written by the famous african writer Frantz Fanon. In this book writer wrote about Few modern voices have had as profound an impact on the black identity and critical race theory as Frantz Fanon, and Black Skin, White Masks represents some of his most important work. Fanon's masterwork is now available in a new translation that updates its language for a new generation of readers. A major influence on civil rights, anti-colonial, and black consciousness movements around the world, Black Skin, White Masks is the unsurpassed study of the black psyche in a white world. Hailed for its scientific analysis and poetic grace when it was first published in 1952, the book remains a vital force today from one of the most important theorists of revolutionary struggle, colonialism, and racial. In this world we show many things so sometimes we just accept and sometimes we take stand but always ignore many things and that is creating history. 

The way is different but we want or achieve one goal so we can do many things for that and we are adjusting also many things as like the time and situations. But sometimes we are just adjusting is not necessary but many things are there and we also accept that also. In this book writer also told about that things and also support about that. 

About the book 

“Black Skin White Mask” is a book about the mindset of psychology of racism. The book is his doctoral thesis, Fanon wrote to get his degree in psychiatry. This book is worth reading since Fanon’s understanding of White French racism in early 1950 and it can also helps to understand White American racism in the 2010s.

Black skin white mask is a study of the psychology of racism and dehumanization inherent to colonial domination. Fanon describes that Black people experience in the white world. Fanon talks about, self – perception of the Black subject who was has lost his native cultural origin, and embraced the culture of the mother country. He also talks about the inferiority complex in the mind of the Black subject.

The book looks at what goes through the minds of blacks and whites under the condition of white rule and the strange effects of that in black people. The black man trapped in his blackness, the white man in his whiteness, both trapped into their mutual and aggressive narcissism. 

“There are too many idiots in this world. And having said it, I have the burden of proving it”

- Fanon, Black skin, White masks.

 

Fanon‘s growing popularity and influence and more recent postcolonial readings of black liberation and nationalism perhaps several as an index of his centrality to the movement for the Algerian self determinations in the 1950‘s that was shaped his diverse career as a political activist and critic. “Black Skin, White Masks” is a Book about the mindset of psychology of racism. The book looks at what goes through the minds of Blacks and the strange impacts that has, especially on the black people.

Black Skin, White Masks is certainly an amazing engagement with the fate of the black individual in society. The book deals with various questions and dilemmas faced by all humans. Its power lies in the fact that it remains surprisingly optimistic in spite of its serious subject matter. Fanon recognizes the problems faced by the former colonised and is quite aware of the psychologically draining position that he/she occupies. Yet, he focuses his attention on the debunking of whiteness as the epitome of being. He seeks to “work out new concepts” (Fanon, 1961, 255) and remains optimistic that this can indeed be done.

CONCLUSION

Fanon, in the whole book, tries to be analytical without attachment. He talks about black men’s desires to be white with psychological reasons. He never becomes insulting for blacks and also doesn’t present hatred for white people. But he fairly well describes their psychology of superiority mindset/complex.