The Role of English in India-Unit1

 Hello Readers...!!

Read the questions and write a reflective blog on it. Paste your blog link in the Comment Section here and on Google Classroom as well.

1.)What is the role of English Language in India according to you with reference to any one essay discussed in the class?

Answer :-

When we are trying to learn English. When we study in Gujarati medium till 12th we have many problems. We have a pool of knowledge of grammar and vocabulary. But even more than that we will try to learn new things and languages.

2.) What are the challenges you faced while learning English Language as?

Answer:-

Some times we learn many things very fast but some things are taking more time because it have many rules. 

3.)Write your reflection regarding the classroom activities. What challenges you faced in doing the activities as teachers.

Answer:-

4.)How do you see your future with the English Language?

As we know English is world language, (international language). So English is the most important language in modern time.

To the light house movie screening

 Hello Readers....

Today I'm presenting about the best novel of Virginia Woolf is To the light house. In this novel Virginia Woolf is many frames many symbols and themes. In this novel Virginia try to use many other points. Which we shows in this Novel.

Virginia Woolf was born in 1882 in London. She was not given a formal education Virginia's mother died when she was thirteen. This caused the first of several mental breakdowns Virginia Woolf started to work as a tutor at Morley College in 1904 and wrote reviews for some books.

Her reviews were published in the "Times Literary Supplement". In 1905 she started meeting friends to discuss literary and artistic topics. Virginia Woolf also became a member of the People's Suffrage Federation and of the Women's Co-operative Guild.

In 1912, Virginia married Leonard Woolf who was a writer. One year later, Virginia suffered a deep mental break down. Her husband helped her to live through it.

To the Lighthouse is a 1927 novel by Virginia Woolf. She was an English writer, considered one of the most important modernist 20th century authors and also a pioneer in the use of stream of consciousness as a narrative device. 

Filmmakers this season are playing with aspect ratios (the dimensions of the frame), sometimes from one scene to the next. You’ll see it in “The Laundromat,” “The Lighthouse” and others.

Watching “The Lighthouse,” a claustrophobic new film about a 19th-century lighthouse keeper (Willem Dafoe) and his protégé (Robert Pattinson), you might be forgiven for thinking that you’re peering through an old spyglass. The image is strangely narrow, a rectangle that looks almost taller than it is wide.

The director, Robert Eggers (“The Witch”), chose to shoot the movie in an archaic shape. The film’s aspect ratio — the ratio of the screen’s width to its height — is dimensions used at Fox in the early sound era, a period of cinema that “The Lighthouse” evokes.

Aspect ratios have fluctuated throughout film history. Silents were generally shown at . But the addition of a soundtrack on the film strip cut into the available image area. A standard ratio of dominated from the early 1930s until the 1950s, when movies went wide with CinemaScope, among other formats. From the 1970s onward, most new movies in the United States have been presented at Current flat-screen televisions use a ratio of which means that films shot in other frame sizes will have bars on the top and bottom or on the sides.)

Reference

1. https://youtu.be/Hyag7lR8CPA

2. https://youtu.be/PJnmjksHrgM

B.A. Sem-3 P-5

  

The History of English Literature

1. Historical Background

The Renaissa

The Renaissa began in England during the reign of Henry 7. It's effects were twofold : on life and literature and on religion. In the middle ages all were under the authority of Roman Catholic Church. It declared that man was aborn sinner but with all learning the monopoly of the church removed. 

With the revival of learning, after the flight of Greek scolares from Constantinople to the west of European countries, a great revolution took place. The study of Greek and Latin classis gave Freeplay of inquiry. A revival interest in life art, literature, science and philosophy. Hence it was known as the Golden age. ( Henry 8 & Queen Elizabeth 1558 to 1603 )

The national life is undoubtedly connected​ with a development of national literature. Queen Elizabeth loved England and England's Greatness and that she inspired all her people. Under her administration the English national life progress by Gigantic (very large) leaps rather than by slow process and English Literature riched at the highest point of it's development.

There are many features of this great are which had it's effect on it's literature. 

1. Revival of Learning

The first and foremost Tendency of Elizabethan age was revival of learning. I.e., the study of classics Greek and Latin literature. Because of the fall of Constantinople in 1453, The scolares came to England with classic manuscripts Hence, there was revival of learning this literature.

2. Invention of Printing Press

The printing press was brought to England by Caxton in 1476 and for the first time in the history at was possible to give book or an idea to the whole nation. 

3. Reformation

For the first time fundamental question of religious tolerance seemed to be solve and the mind of man free from religious fear turned to creativity. These freedom of mind gave Elizabethan age great motivation.

4. Social Contentment 

Increasing trade brought Enormous wealth to England with the help of Voyages and defeat of Spanish Armada (1588), new horizons of life were open. The increase of wealth, the improvement in living, the opportunitxies for labour brought​ the new social Contentment. 

5. Enthusiasm 

It is an age of dreams, adventure, unbounded Enthusiasm etc. He explorers are searching new land, her scientist were discovering new universe​ and her poets are creating new literature. Enthusiasm was spreading in all branches of life as bacon said.

      " I have taken all knowledge

                  For my Province."

Conclusion 

To sum up the age of Elizabeth was a time of intellectual liberty, of growing intelligence and comfort among classis , of unbounded patriotism and enthusiasm and of peace at home. Hence we can say that the period of Elizabeth was the true period of Renaissa and at is known as Golden Age. 

Question -2 

Origin and Development of Drama

The Elizabethan 

The Scarlet letters

25 - September - 2020

Hello Readers....

Welcome on my new blog. Today I'm presenting and giving information about "The Scarlet letter". 

About the Author 

The Scarlet Letter was written by American author, Nathaniel Hawthorne. He was born in 1804 in the city of Salem, Massachusetts to Nathaniel Hathorne, Sr., and the former Elizabeth Clarke Manning. He was a descendant of a long line of Puritan ancestors. In order to distance himself from his family's shameful involvement in Salem Witch Trials, Hawthorne added the "w" to his last name. 

After his father, a ship captain, died of yellow fever at sea when Nathaniel was only four, his mother became overly protective and pushed him toward relatively isolated pursuits. Hawthorne's childhood left him overly shy and bookish, which molded his life as a writer.

Hawthorne turned to writing after his graduation from Bowdoin College. His first novel, Fanshawe, was unsuccessful and Hawthorne himself disavowed the work as amateurish. However, Hawthorne returned to Salem where he struggled as a short story writer for 12 years. He published Twice-Told Tales in 1837. His insufficient earnings as a writer forced Hawthorne to enter a career as a Boston Custom House measurer in 1839. In 1842, he married Sophia Peabody and moved t The Manse in Concord. Hawthorne returned to Salem in 1845. Hawthorne then devoted himself to his most famous novel, The Scarlet Letter. The Scarlet Letter was​ an immediate success that allowed him to devote himself to his writing. He published The House of the Seven Gables in 1851. Hawthorne passed away on May 19, 1864, in Plymouth, New Hampshire, after a long period of illness during which he suffered severe bouts of Grave of Nathaniel Hawthorne dementia.

The Time Period 

The plot of the Scarlet Letter follows Hester Prynne, who has been forced to wear the letter 'A' on her dress, for committing adultery. In the time of the story, bearing a child (Pearl) without being married was a great crime, and was punished by the embarassment of having to wear the 'scarlet letter'. 

The story of the Scarlet letter is set in 17th-century Puritan Boston during the years 1642 to 1649. The Puritans had settled in New England to practice their religious beliefs after leaving the Old World, where they had been persecuted. The Puritans were a legalistic sect of Protestant Christians influenced by Calvinism. Their beliefs emphasized God's omnipotence and the concept of election, the idea that salvation is predestined. Religious behavior was seen as both a result of salvation and evidence of it. Thus, Puritan communities were centered on the idea of purity in thought and deed, and sins were rooted out and punished harshly. 

However, over time, people begin to misinterpret the letter as meaning that she is an important part of high society, due to the color and design of the letter. 

It is later revealed that the minister of the town was the father of the child, but they kept it a secret for various reasons. Roger Chillingworth, Hester's wayward husband eventually finds out about their plans to run away together, and is about to have his revenge when the minister confesses what he has done, and dies.

The physical setting of The Scarlet Letter reflects the beliefs and habits of the Puritans. Throughout the book, we are taken on a mini tour of the most important town buildings and structures. Law and religion form the heart of the town.

Two main characters in The Scarlet Letter are Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale. 

Hester is the mother of Pearl, and is later revealed to be the lover of Dimmesdale. She is the main character in the novel, and bears the letter A on her dress. 

Dimmesdale is a minister in Boston. Throughout almost all of the story, the general public doesn't know about his role in the birth of Pearl. However, fairly early on in the story, Hester's uncaring husband returns and finds out about it, and plots his revenge. Dimmesdale dies at the end of the story, and it is discovered that he bears the letter A on his skin.

There were some paradoxes... 

Although Puritans embraced a strict life, it wasn't always somber and simple. They encouraged tradesmen and craftsmen to live among them  They prized simplicity yet loved fine clothing. Their furniture makers developed great artistry and their leaders (like the governor Hester goes to visit) lived in fine houses.

Hester refuses to tell Pearl what the scarlet letter signifies, and Pearl becomes obsessed with the letter. Meanwhile, Chillingworth is working in Boston as a physician, though he has no formal medical training. One of his patients is Dimmesdale, who has fallen ill with heart trouble. Chillingworth moves in with Dimmesdale to care for him full-time and begins to suspect a connection between Dimmesdale's heart ailment and Hester's crime. When he discovers that Dimmesdale has carved a mark over his heart that resembles Hester's scarlet letter, Chillingworth realizes that Dimmesdale is Hester's lover. Chillingworth decides to torment and expose Dimmesdale.

Virginia Woolf Bio

 23 - September - 2020

Hello Readers....

Virginia Woolf was born in 1882 in London. She was not given a formal education Virginia's mother died when she was thirteen. This caused the first of several mental breakdowns Virginia Woolf started to work as a tutor at Morley College in 1904 and wrote reviews for some books.

Her reviews were published in the "Times Literary Supplement". In 1905 she started meeting friends to discuss literary and artistic topics. Virginia Woolf also became a member of the People's Suffrage Federation and of the Women's Co-operative Guild.

In 1912, Virginia married Leonard Woolf who was a writer. • One year later, Virginia suffered a deep mental break down. Her husband helped her to live through it.

To the Lighthouse is a 1927 novel by Virginia Woolf. She was an English writer, considered one of the most important modernist 20th century authors and also a pioneer in the use of stream of consciousness as a narrative device.

Virginia Woolf Doc.

 23 - September - 2020

Hello Readers....

This is blog about the Virginia Woolf's Documentary. In previous blog I'm writing about the Virginia Woolf and her biography. Now I'm writing about our professor giving task about Virginia's Documentary. So in this blog I'm presenting those things. 

The mind and times of Virginia Woolf a documentary.

     

After watching some extracts from the documentary, answer the   following questions:        

Right or wrong ? Correct when necessary.     

Her biographer starts by explaining that Virginia Woolf suffered all  her life from physical pains and could   only find comfort in sleep.   

   right      wrong Correction:

_______________________________________________________________

Ans : Right.

Because when anyone have pain so they can't feel good. But in sleep you feel relax and feel painless. 

When   Virginia   Woolf   thought   it   was   time   to   start   writing   her   memoirs,   she   wrote   that   she   could   remember   colours   and   sounds   from   her   childhood,   but   not   many   people.  

     right      wrong   Correction:   ________________________________________________________________

Ans. : 

Fortunately,   she   was   born   after   the   Victorian   era   and   she   did   not   have   to   suffer   from   the   restraints   associated   with   that   time.   

   right      wrong   Correction:   ________________________________________________________________

Virginia    Woolf    always    complained    about    the    unfair    treatment    of    women    in    British   society   because   they   were   mistreated   by   their   husbands.   

   right      wrong   Correction:

________________________________________________________________   

 

Virginia   Woolf   went   to   university   at   the   turn   of   the   century.   

   right      wrong   Correction:   ________________________________________________________________   

  

Virginia    Woolf    lost    her    mother    at    an    early    age    and    that    marked    the    beginning    of    her   mental   illness   because   she   could   not   get   a   grip   on   reality.   

   right      wrong   Correction:   ________________________________________________________________

Multiple-­‐choice   questions:   

  

There   is   a   scene   in   the   novel   entitled   Mrs   Dalloway   that   can   be   said   to   be   biographical:        When   the   main   character   is   getting   ready   for   the   party   and   looking   at   herself   in   the   mirror,   thinks   “this   is   my   life!”   

     When   the   main   character   imagines   holding   her   life   in   front   of   her   like   a   baby   and   walking   towards   her   parents,   says   “this   is   my   life!”   

     When   the   main   character   is   taking   care   of   her   baby,   looking   and   smiling   at   him,   and   thinks   “this   is   my   life!”   

  

Fill   in   the   gaps:   

  

The   Stephen   family   moved   to   ________________________   in   19__.   This   area   in   central   London   was   then   considered   as   a   place   where   _____________________________________________________.

Their   house   soon   became   a   meeting   point   for   artists,   writers,   intellectuals   who   were   all     ________________________    from    Cambridge    university.    Their    main    objective    was    to    discuss   the    nature    of    ________________________,    and    in    the    process    they    had    to    do    without    the   conventions    of    the    times.    Virginia    Woolf    herself    wrote    that    everything    was    new,   everything   was   on   trial,   they   only   wanted   to   ________________________   artistic   activities.   This   enterprise   was   judged   as   very   bold.   

Two   prominent   members   of   her   family   then   died,   which   left   her   very   _____________________.   Correct   the   mistakes:   

  

Virginia   Stephens   got   married   to   Leonard   Woolf   in   1912.   This   event   triggered   off   even   more   mental   breakdowns   on   Virginia’s   part.   When   she   was   institutionalised,   she   started   writing    because    she    was    provided    with    pen    and    paper.    She    underwent    a    total   transformation   at   these   moments,   becoming   cruel   to   the   people   she   loved   most.   

Virginia   published   her   first   novel   in   1915,   when   she   was   21.   It   is   entitled   Voyage   Inside   A   

Mind   and   deals   with   her   childhood   and   the   loss   of   her   mother.   

  

Fill   in   the   gaps:   

  

In   her   novels,   she   rarely   attempted   to   describe   people’s   relationships,   but   rather   what   they   did   not   say   to   each   other,   what   was   in   their   minds.   This   has   come   to   be   known   as   the    _______________1__________________,    which    is    described    in    the    documentary    as    “the    body   language   without   the   ___________2_____________”.

1. 

2.

The Waste land

20 - September -2020

Hello Readers....

This grate Poem "The Waste Land" written by the most famous writer T. S. Eliot. First we have information about the poem, themes and other points of the poem. 

Thomas Steams Eliot was born in St. Louis, Missouri, on September 26,1888. His First book of poems, Prufrock and other observation, was published in 1917, and immediately established him as a leading poet of the avant-garde.

As a poet, he transmuted his affinity for the English metaphysical poets of the seventeenth century. His poem in many respects articulated the disillusionment of a younger post- world war 1 generation with the convention both literary and social of the Victorian ear. T.S. Eliot received the Nobel prize for literature in 1948. He died in London on January 04, 1965.

In this poem writer wrote about the land, about the Waste Land. The Waste Land means the land an unused area of land that has become barren or overgrown. In this poem writer use land as metaphor. This poem is divided into 5 parts. The Waste land it's a epic poem. A poem made of collage of images. In 'The Waste land Image and symbol take in city life. T. S Eliot represent the city life people living style. Eliot use complex language and also use mythical technique in the 'The Waste Land'. Poem divided in five parts. Five parts like this:

1. The Burial of the Dead

2. A Game of Chess

3. The fire Sermon

4. Death by Water

5. What the Thunder said.

This first part is about the Landscape Scone "April". In this novel we can show biblical reference their. The first part of the poem the poem is 'The Burial of the Dead. The poem's speaker talk about how spring is an a Horrible time of year stirring up memories of a bygone days and unfulfilled desires. The first part The Burial of the dead stars with this line:

 "April is the cruellest month breeding Lilacs out of the dead land, mixing Memory and desire, stirring Dull roots with spring rain........"

In this lines unknown speaker claims that April is the cruelest month, even though we might usually thinking of spring as a time of love. This section title from a line in the Anglican burial service. These recollection from Wagner's operatic version of Tristan and Isolate an Arthurian take of adultery and loss.

This section takes its title from two plays by the early 17th century playwright Thomas Middleton, in one of which the move in a game of chess denote stages in seduction. 

This part start with like this lines:

"The chair she sat in, like a burnished throne, Glowed in the marble, where the glass, Held up by standards wrought with fruited vines.......

 

General characteristics of 20th century

 Hello Friends....

The period of Queen Elizabeth rule during 1558 to 1603 is knows as Elizabethan Age. Because of her wit, wisdom and intelligency. In this period England saw a great development in trade, marine power and nationalistic feelings. The Queen Victoria died in 1897.

The first and second world war were to major disasters of 20th century. Though the world was recovery from the painful experience of world war. It was very slow long sighted people were still uneasy about the Outlook. The leg of Nations had failed to bring about the state of international harmony hoped for and poverty and social unrest in man presented. Than as the 1903 approach, a worldwide financial crisis stuck rich and poor both. In Britain and other countries millions of unemployed people created a grave social problem and industrial reagens became distress areas. In Germany Hitler in Italy Mussolini as well as in Japan and China Military Power they all have prepared background for the upcoming background of second world war in 1939.

 The beginning or end of a social cultural or literary age cannot be preciously dated. Yet some historical event or land mark has to be gought to mark the being or end of a certain age. This, the year go can be fixed as the year marking the end of the Victoria age and the beging of modern age.

The modern age is the most complex, complicated, baffling and revolutionary age in the history of the world. It is an age of most amazing, astounding and unamignable, scientific discoveres, inventions and advancement which the Victorian never imagine. This is an age of jact plans, space crafts, computers, internet, mobile phones, fax, which have reduced the entire Cosmo into a tiny unit. As compton- Rictett pointed out, 

" The dawn of 20th century witnessed the emergence of new values and progress in the filed of social, political economical and literary life."

There is the other Dark Side of the picture too. The age has invited armaments, atombomb, nuclear weapons which can kill the millions of the people in just a blink of an eye. The whole world is sitting on the mouth of volcano. The age as to witness the world war. The four motion of league of nations failed to prevent another world war. 

The rising conflict between the countries disturbance, turbulence, peace and property was in demand at international level. In such situation and circumstances literature would be useless if it did not perfect social and political purpose. If the world is to be saved thinkers philosophers, poets and literary man must come forward replacing war mongers, politicians and terrorism in the world.

During the 20th century all branches of literature developed in its own comnescious way. It is completely different from former ages. 

" 20th century is an existing age for writer, an age which marked a diffinat break with the past, a challenge to authority- a self conscious age when writers where critical of the composison of society."

"When 20th century opened Tennyson had been dead nine years and there was a wide spread impression that English poetry had dead with him."

Characteristics of 20th century :-

1. Problem Play

2. Dadaism

3. Surrealism 

4. Stream of consciousness

5. Absurd theatre

6. Apocalyptic Movement

7. Goeragan poetry.

Modernist Poems

Modernist Poems :-

Activity - Identify modernist metaphors in these short poems.

Hello Friends...

Today is the best topic to present a great blog about the Modernist poems. In that topic we can share poems which written limit of 2 to 9 lines only. First we can have information about the Literature. Literature is trying to convince people. 

In those poems we are doing self criticism. And also we can discuss many new things and giving new thoughts as well as we can have new way to show literature. 

What is modernism?

Modernism is both a philosophical movement and an art movement that, along with cultural trends and changes, arose from wide-scale and far-reaching transformations in Western society during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

We have many thoughts about Literature. Many writer wrote such a good thoughts about Literature. Many writers wrote many good works like Novel, dramas, poems, short stories etc. In that blog I'm presenting about the short poems written by many famous writer.In that Modernist poems we can write about symbols, metaphor, themes, and imaginary. 

Characteristics of Modernism 

Marked by a strong and intentional break with tradition. Belief that the world is what we say it is There is no such thing as absolute truth No connection with history or institutions Championship of the individual and celebration of inner strength Life is unordered Concerned with the sub-conscious.

1. Darkness.

- By Joseph Campbell (1879-1944)

Darkness.
I stop to watch a star shine in the boghole –
A star no longer, but a silver ribbon of light.
I look at it, and pass on.

Summarise:-

As per my point of view I try to summarised this poem. This poem was about night and writer wrote about the dark night.The great poet Joseph Campbell was an Irish poet, American professor of literature. He writes similar kind of poetry to Humle at around the same time though they were working independently of each other.Title it self presents negativity. The combination of darkness and boghole negativity in the air but then there is a star which is shining in boghole.

Darkness is the symbol of negative thoughts. But we also take that positively after dark night morning always comes with new things. Star in boghole may be symbolize as modern civilization in boghole, and no chance to rescue from that boghole that is why poet says a star no more. A silver ribbon may be as a symbol of hope. But when he just look at it and pass on it signifies disinterest, or may be with only hope poet don’t want to stay there and wait he wants his life to go on.  “Boghole” is modern metaphor. This I the metaphor used in the poem. And this is short poem about the darkness. 

2. ‘The Red Wheelbarrow‘

- By William Carlos Williams

so much depends

upon

a red wheel

barrow

glazed with rain

water

beside the white

chickens.

Summarise:-

William Carlos Williams was an American poet and physician closely associated with modernism and imagism. This poem is quite difficult to understand. I am not getting the meaning of it but may be it seems to say that too much dependency on anyone should be avoided. May be the example of wheelbarrow that it can not move by it self, it is fully dependent on someone. Last lines are so confusing. “wheelbarrow”  is modern metaphor.

The Modern Times and The great dictator

Hello Friends....

Hello Dear Friends, I'm presenting a blog about the grate movie. This is the blog about the Movie The Modern Times and The great dictator.

#The Modern Times

"Modern Times” is a silent black and white film, performed and directed by Charles Chaplin in 1936. Movie shows especial effects as speed up in some shots, explosions, and reverse reproduction.

#The Modern Times

The opening title to the film reads, “Modern Times: a story of industry, of individual enterprise, humanity crusading in the pursuit of happiness.” At the Electro Steel Corporation, the Tramp is a worker on a factory conveyor belt. The little fellow’s early misadventures at the factory include being volunteered for a feeding machine, a time-saving device employed so that workers may continue working during their lunch breaks. Ultimately, the Tramp has a nervous break-down and throws himself down a chute into the belly of the factory. Released from the hospital, he quickly lands in prison as a communist leader when he innocently picks up a red flag that has fallen from a truck and finds himself inadvertently leading a workers’ parade. After the Tramp prevents a jail break, life in prison becomes so pleasant (he is better fed, clothed, and sheltered in the safe and secure prison than in the chaos of society during the Depression) 

that he is saddened to be pardoned.

This silent movie show mostly non diegetic sound, background music that coincides with action and movement of the film. It also has a few scenes of Diegetic sound, for example when Chaplin is performing at the café. Here we can clearly hear diners talking, murmuring, laughing and cheering. We hear the music they are actually playing and the voice of Chaplin, who is actually singing. 

“Modern Times” is Chaplin’s self-conscious valedictory to the pantomime of silent film he had pioneered and nurtured into one of the great art forms of the twentieth century. Although technically a sound film, very little of the soundtrack to “Modern Times” contains dialogue. The soundtrack is primarily Chaplin’s own musical score and sound effects, as well as a performance of a song by the Tramp in gibberish. This remarkable performance marks the only time the Tramp ever spoke. Chaplin resisted talking pictures in part because the Tramp’s silence made him understood around the world. However, with the gibberish song, Chaplin ingeniously makes the statement that talking in any one language is meaningless in all others, while at the same time allowing the Tramp to “speak” in a way that is universally understood. It was the Tramp’s swan song. Chaplin retired the character with “Modern Times.”

Film use deep backgrounds with moving objects, locations as streets and yards, and other places as restaurants, jail, offices and houses. Mise en scène is impressive when it comes to represent the fabric, you can appreciate tiny details in background like gear, levers and lines of production.

Chaplin recognized that “Modern Times” was the valedictory for the Tramp and deliberately included many gags and sequences as a loving farewell to the character and an homage to the visual comedy tradition. However, the spine that holds the story together is the journey of survival taken by the Tramp and the Gamine. The final shot of the film, as the Tramp walks down a road into the unknown, is more than a reprise of Chaplin’s signature finale. This time, the Tramp is not alone. And this time, the Tramp carries the legacy of silent film down the road with him. “Modern Times,” as Hollywood’s last silent 

film, represents the end of an era.

“Modern Times” boasts Chaplin’s finest music score. His most recognizable and commercially viable song, “Smile,” emerged from a melody used by him in “Modern Times.” “Smile,” with a completed structure and lyrics, was created to promote the reissue “Modern Times” in 1954. “Smile” is still considered a popular standard today.

Comedy and philosophy genders are an unusual combination in a same film. Chaplin’s philosophy is peaceful, he looks for fairness and avoid problems. He doesn’t support the new capitalist ideas, and modern stereotype. As a film director, he shows those qualities in the film “Modern Times”, a realist critic to the capitalism.  Personally, I think Chaplin was wise when merging this genres; comedy and political discontent. Audience was captured by the comedy, by the “Charles Chaplin” character. Thanks to comedy, Chaplin gave the message to the audience he wanted. The main message of the film “Modern Time” is an anti-capitalist movement where modernity is shown as the chaos; the worker loses everything while government controls it.  We can clearly observe the inequality, the abuse and the impositions established by the rich class in the film, first the business boss, then the police and finally the government.

“Modern Times” is perhaps more meaningful now than at any time since its first release. The twentieth century theme of the film, farsighted for its time—the struggle to eschew alienation and preserve  humanity in a modern, mechanized world—profoundly reflects issues confronting the twenty-first century. The Tramp’s travails in “Modern Times” and the comedic 

mayhem that ensues should provide strength and comfort to all who feel like helpless cogs in a world beyond control. Through its universal themes and comic inventiveness, the film remains one of 

Chaplin’s greatest and most enduring works.

Perhaps more important, it is the Tramp’s finale, a tribute to Chaplin’s immortal character and the silent film era he commanded for a generation.

This film has a scene that depict great differences between social classes.  There's a moment of parallelism between reality and a dream. A moment in which Chaplin and his partner are happily lying on the grass, then they saw a typical modern married couple. The man leaving home and going to work, and the wife staying house. They first joke and parody the situation, but then they dream about it. They imagine them in a real house, with food, comfort and all facilities. 

“Can you imagine us in a little home like that?” – Chapplin

Then they stop fantasizing and return to rude reality, they were homeless, without work, starving and alone.

Times were hard, workers were low paid, they work in bad conditions, and were injured several times while working. In one scene Chaplin goes mentally crazy because of his work. In other scene he finds out that his ex-partners have to steal for leaving. Strikes and manifestation are common in this times. Every time a manifestation was started, policemen arrive in order to arrest the leaders. In my opinion, Chaplin represented all the innocent persons that, while expressing in a pacific way, were unfair arrested by the government.

During this film, a clear example of this inequality and racism classes is shown. The chief, who demanded much discipline to his employees, is only interested in growing your business. He interrupt recesses and was about to remove the “lunch time”. Interested on been better than the competitor, the boss, chose Chaplin for a new machine evaluation. Here we can compare the modern worker to a dependent domestic animal, accepting what master says,  with no right of choosing or making own decisions. Finally the experiment fail, leaving Chaplin injured and confused.

Meanwhile, the Gamine has found work dancing in a café and persuades the café proprietor to hire the Tramp as a singing waiter. The Tramp’s complete lack of skill 

tending to tables in the café is compensated for by his great success as a singing waiter. However, the juvenile-care authorities pursue the Gamine, forcing them to flee their new jobs and take to the open 

road. Discouraged, the Gamine asks the Tramp, “What’s the use of trying?” Summoning his trademark ptimism, the Tramp responds, “Buck up! We’ll get along!” Heartened, the Gamine replies, “You betcha! Let’s go!” Arm in arm, they walk off to-

ward the horizon, off to pursue a better life. It is the Tramp’s very last shuffle down the open road. This time, however, he has a companion by his side.

This movie shows how difficult is for majority to have a “perfect” life under capitalism. Chaplin capture the despair of the lower classes, nothing but the reality that people live those days. He also capture the value of perseverance and tolerance at the end of the film. The final image is him and his couple walking in straight line. Waiting for new problems to confront and overcome, and facing all those changes that bring the modern times.

#Reference 

1. https://youtu.be/HAPilyrEzC4

2. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Times_(film)

#The Grate Dictator

In 1938, the world's most famous movie star began to prepare a film about the monster of the 20th century. Charlie Chaplin looked a little like Adolf Hitler, in part because Hitler had chosen the same toothbrush moustache as the Little Tramp. Exploiting that resemblance, Chaplin devised a satire in which the dictator and a Jewish barber from the ghetto would be mistaken for each other. The result, released in 1940, was "The Great Dictator," Chaplin's first talking picture and the highest-grossing of his career, although it would cause him great difficulties and indirectly lead to his long exile from the United States.

The Great Dictator made in 1940 by Charlie Chaplin was at the time a controversial film because it exposed Nazism and anti- Semitism with both humor and horror. In his film, Chaplin plays the two main characters: Adenoid Hynkel, the tyrannical dictator of Tomania and a Jewish barber persecuted by Storm Troopers in the ghetto.

In 1938, Hitler was not yet recognized in all quarters as the embodiment of evil. Powerful isolationist forces in America preached a policy of nonintervention in the troubles of Europe, and rumors of Hitler's policy to exterminate the Jews were welcomed by anti-Semitic groups. Some of Hitler's earliest opponents, including anti-Franco American volunteers in the Spanish Civil War, were later seen as "premature antifascists"; by fighting against fascism when Hitler was still considered an ally, they raised suspicion that they might be communists. "The Great Dictator" ended with a long speech denouncing dictatorships, and extolling democracy and individual freedoms. This sounded to the left like bedrock American values, but to some on the right, it sounded pinko.

To the Light house

 Hello friends, 

#The Teachers day

#To the Lighthouse

We are celebrating the virtual Teacher's day on the special occasion of The Teachers day. 

I'm sharing my PPT and also my Video of the Teachers day . 

Now here I'm sharing my Quiz based on this video.

To the Lighthouse

YouTube Viewer :- 

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Task -1 ELT

31 - August - 2020 , Monday.

Hello Reader,

I'm presenting the paper English language teaching there. This is the first task of our Semester in paper English Language Teaching. As we know we are communicate with the language. And Language is the thing which help us to communicate with others and also express the thoughts , feelings. The 

Today I'm talking about the three terms of English Language Teaching. 

1. Bilingualism

The first term of English Language Teaching is Bilingualism. The term is used for people who communicate with two different languages ​​and they understand each other and speak fluently.

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English:- You are Welcome.

Bengali :- surjo purbo dike uthe.

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English :- How are you?

Bengali :- Tumi pore call korbe?

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English :-  What are you doing?

Bengali :- tumi ki korchis?

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English :- You do not have a class.

Bengali :- tumi kon class a poro.

-------+--------+-------+--------

2. Trilingualism

The term expressing the thing is the people are Communicate with three different languages and also they are understanding each other and talk with fluency. 

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English :- How are you?

Bengali :- Tumi pore call korbe?

Hindi :- केसे हो?

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3. Multilingualism

In that term people are Communicate with the many different languages and they are understand each other and talking with fluency.

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English :- How are you?

Bengali :- Tumi pore call korbe?

Hindi :- केसे हो?

Gujarati :- તમે કેમ છો?

Marathi :- तू कसा आहेस?

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English :- Good Bye

Bengali :- বিদায়

Hindi :- अलविदा

Gujarati :- આવજો

Marathi :- निरोप / अलविदा

B.A. Sem-6 P-11

 Question -5 

Write a detail note on Origin Of Language.

Answer -5 

Introduction

Language is one of the most prized possession of human beings language has a very important social purpose. Language is the only thing that makes human beings different from other living beings on the Earth. Before setting out to make a study of development of the English language it is very important to not some basic elementary facts concerning language in General George Smith was correct when he said,

              " The discovery of language

                    Marked the beginning  

                          Of Language."    

There are one or two elementary facts concerning language in generally. That we should keep clearly in our mind. The first thik to realise is that language is primary something that is spoken not written. F.T. Wood in his ' History of English Language' points out,

    " The term language as used of historical          times refers solely to Communication 

       by means of Speech or writing and of 

       this two the former is the basic and 

                        primary one." 

The introduction of the system of recording thought and Speech by writing was a very important step. It was a major advancement without which we should be completely unaware from the and writing are only subtitute for speech because what is written is ditermine by what is written is ditermine by what is say. 

Secondly we must realized that language is evolutionary, not static change is constantly going on, language can be not set or fixed. We should always also realized that speech or language is the distinguished characteristics of human beings. It is a most important factor that makes human beings different from others animals on the earth.

Every trible or race of human beings speaks a language of some kind. The lower animal make noises some of them are spontaneous and meaningless, others make expressive noise profession Lloyd James in his book 'Our Spoken Language' notes,

"Many animals have all the necessary Speech Organs, at least in embryo and that had they shown any aptitude to use them in the some why that primitive man did."

As man developed mind and personality he could developed Speech.

There is no certainty about the origin of language at present four chief theories hold the field of language.

1. The Bow-Vow Theory.

2. The Ding-Dong Theory.

3. The Pooh-Pooh Theory.

4. The Gesture Theory.

1. The Bow-Vow Theory

These is the first theory of origin of language, it holds the earliest Speech was produced by man's attempting to imitate some characteristic sound of the creature or the object. In this imitative tendency, the theorist's found the biginning of language. The expoanats of this theory pointed out that young child adops a similar method of expression. He is only reproducing the behaviour of his adult ancestors. For him the thing that distinguished is "Bow-Vow Theory." It is found that many words of recent origin also have anomatopoeic elements.

2. The Ding-Dong Theory.

The second theory as the Ding-Dong Theory is associated with the name of German Scholar Marks Mular this theory says that the beginning of language is to be found in the sense of rythem which seems to have been in man from a very premitute stage and that is connected with the rest of the universe. This Theory also tells about emitation but imitation of movement rather than sound observing a rythem in stream and trees man Ding-Donged phonetically to them. This Theory would thus connect the origin of Speech with other development of tribes.   

 3. The Pooh-Pooh Theory.

The third is Theory is of Emotions. This Pooh-Pooh Theory that all forms of attarorns goes back to emotional inter-jewalketed by pain, surprise, pleasure, wonder etc. This has become known as the Pooh-Pooh Theory since the phrare a scheme, at first this exlamission implay disgust. In this principal some theorist found the origin of language. 

4. The Gesture Theory.

Finally there is the theory advanced by Wilhelm Woundt and later developed by Sir Richard Paget in his book human's Speech which we may call the Gesture Theory. The earliest method of communication was by sing or gesture made with the hands. Such a language was Natural and Spontaneous. 

Even today we make a Gesture of hand when we wish to call someone. 

Conclusion.

In a Nutshell bit is marked that this are the Four chief theories concerning the Origin of human speech there is something to be said about them all but none in itself seems really satisfactory. Dr. William, M. Arban in his book Language and reality dismisses the first three theories by to learning that even when all the theories combined they do not explain everything perhaps the truth is that such Theory is correct up to a point but only up to a point. They all the other factor suggested where operative and speech was the result of a combination of processes rather than any particular process. 

Question -6.

The Classification and discription of Speech Sounds: Vowels.

Answer -6.

Introduction.

Language has a very important purpose for Linguistic Communication. Linguistic ia a systematic study of language. "Phonetic is a branch of Linguistic, dealing with the study of human Speech Sounds. There are mainly 44 different types of Speech Sounds. Speech Sounds are brodly divided into two categories.

" All the Speech Sounds that pass form our mouth freely and continvauslly without any , fraction are called vowels".

There are 12 pure Vowels and 8 dipthongs to discribe a Vowel, we take it to ancount three things: 

1. Part of the Tongue:

- Front, Center or Back.

2. Height of the Tongue: 

- Close , Half Close, Half Open, Open.

3. Position of Lips: 

- Rounded , Unrounded.

1. Part of the Tongue: 

During the use of vowel sounds, the Tongue is active articulation for the production of vowel, sounds three parts of tongue are used front, back, center. The sound produced with the some parts of Organs that are the Hard Palate, Soft Palate and Roof of the Mouth between hard and soft Palate. According to these there are three types of vowels:

Front Vowels:

Front Vowels are vowels articulated with the front of the tongue raised towards Hard Palate. There are four front Vowels:

| i: | - seen.                    |i | - sit

| e | - had.                      | æ|- sat 

Back Vowels: 

They are articulated with the back of the Tongue raised towards the Soft Palate. There are five Back Vowels:  

| u: | - Poonam

| u | - Put

|a: | - Part

Central Vowels:

They are Vowels articulated with center of the Tongue raised towards the part of the roof of the month between hard Palate and Soft Palate. There are three central Vowels:

|3: | girl

All the Vowels wether front, back or centeral are not pronounced with the same place. Each time when the Tongue is raised it takes different positions. For our understanding we have divided the Height of the Tongue on four parts: 

2. Height of the Tongue:

Close Vowels : The Vowels Articulate with the Tongue raised close to the roof of the Mouth but with a gap so air exzupt freely from mouth.

eg. |i: | , |u: | etc.

Open Vowels: Vowels that are articulated with the tongue Being away from the roof of the Mouth are called open Vowels.

Half Close Vowels : They are articulated with the tongue raised between the close and open position nearer to close position are called half close Vowels. 

Half Open Vowels: The Vowels Articulated with the tongue raised between the close and open position but nearem to open position are called half open Vowels.

3. Position of the Lips: 

For easy Classification of Vowels we position of Lips:

1. Rounded

2. Unrounded

1. | i: | - seed - front close unrounded vowels. 

2. | i | - Front unrounded vowels just above half close.

3. | e | - front unrounded vowel between close and open.

4. | æ | - Front unrounded vowel just above open. 

5. | u: | - Back close rounded Vowels.

6. | u | - Back rounded Vowels just above half close.

7.  |   | - Back rounded Vowels between half open and close.

8. | | - Back rounded Vowels just above open.

9. | a: | - Back open rounded vowel.

10. | 9 | - Center unrounded vowel between half open and close. 

11. | π | - Center unrounded vowel just above half open.

12.  | 3: | - Center unrounded vowel just above half open.

Question -7

Syllable

A group of one or two Consonant or Vowel.

While analysing Speech we will have to consider units of individual speech sound. We have studied about Consonant and Vowels in detail the unit that is next in hilrchy to the Speech sound is the syllabus.

A words is maid up of one or more syllables. A syllables consist of one more speech sounds. 

NUCLEUS :- The Central or the most important part of an object and truth.

Realising Consonants :- CV

Arresting Consonants :- CVCC

The elements with which syllables are made fall into two classic Vowels and Consonants. If a syllable consists of just one sound it will be Vowel.

If a syllable has more than one speech sound one of them will be a Vowel and than others Consonants.

The vowel in a syllable is it's centeral elements and is called the Nucleus of a syllable. The Consonant that beings a syllable is called a realising Consonant and that one that comes at the end of the syllable is called the Arresting Consonants.

The Nucleus is the central compulsory elements of a syllable and the realising and arresting Consonant are optional and marginal elements. 

The Nucleus and the Symbolised (V). The marginal elements are Symbolised (C).

:- Some Syllable have only the Nucleus.

E.g.  -   I            | a:   i |   

                             V.   V

         -   oh        | o   u |

                              V.  V   

        - Ah.         | a: | 

                             V

Each one of this has just one speech sound which is it's Nucleus.

All the mono syllabic words have the structured We.

Some syllables have the structure of the Nucleus and an arresting Consonants.

E.g.     -   Am      |  ^    m |

                                 V.   V 

           -   All.      |  ^.  I.  I. |

                               V.  C.  C

      

          -    Up.      | e.   p.  |

                              V.   C

This Syllables can be said to have the structure VC.

Certain Syllables have a realising Consonant and the Nucleus but no Arresting Consonants.