Paper 1 Renaissance Literature.

Name : Sejal N. Solanki 

Roll No. : 36

Semester : 1.

Batch : 2019 - 2021

Enrollment No. : 2069108420200037

Email : sejal.solanki3107@gmail.com

Class : M.A. Sem : 1

Paper : 1. ( The Renaissance Literature )

Topic : Renaissance Literature ,

            ( History of Renaissance literature ) 

Submitted by Dr. Dilip Barad 

    Department of English 

Maharaja Krishnakumar singhji Bhavnagar University.

Word count : 1903

•     The Renaissance literature

•     Introduction 

                  The Renaissance began in England during the reign of Henry 7. It 's effects were twofold : on life and literature and on religion. In the middle ages were all under the authority of Roman Catholic church. It declared that man was another sinner but with all learning the Monopoly of the church removed.

      

                   With the revival of learning , after the flight of Greek scholars from Constantinople to the west of europen countries , of Greek and Latin classes gave. Freeplay of inquiry. A revivald in treat in life art , literature , science and Philosophy . Hence it was known as the golden age (Henry 8 & - Queen Elizabeth - 1558 to 1603)

 The reign of Queen Elizabeth from (1558-1603). The reign of Elizabeth was an era of contemplation and action , an era which was famous for the development of all branches of literature , of inventions and discoveries . This period was a golden and in the history of England in the words of Milton.

             " A noble and puissant 

               nation , rousing her self , 

               Like a strong men after sleep."

About Queen Elizabeth

" Hers was an age in which men lived 

Intensely, thought intensely and wrote intensely." 

About King

" People rightly so in her the two

Spirit of the nation and the age."

            " Renaissance" was an intellectual rebirth which showed itself the way to free himself from the federalism Monopoly of church and give them the right to live and think independently.

            " Renaissance " is a French word meaning "Rebirth". The period is called by these names because at that time, people started talking and interest in the learning of ancient times, in particular the learning of ancient Greece and Rome. The Renaissance was seen as a 'rebirth' of that learning. The Renaissance was often said to be the start of the "Modern Age".

              During the Elizabethan age literature reached the top of the peak because of the encouragement and inspiration of Queen Elizabeth she loved and like literary creators that's why the  age is a supreme in the field of literature each and every soul worship her as a Pinto says about her,

" Rightly saw in her the incarnate

 spirit  of the nation and the Age.

               The period of Elizabeth age is a part of the whole Renaissance movement, which started in 1550 and remained in England until 1060. The word 'Renaissance' is a French word original used by 'Michelet Jules' a historian in his book ' Historian - de - France ' in 1855. Which means 'Rebirth' , 'Revival' or 'Re-awakening'.

               The Renaissance or Elizabethan age is both the revival of ancient learning , classical mythology literature and culture as well as awakening of the human mind after a long sleep of dark middle ages. It is as if mankind where awakened from a long sleep look at the glory of nature with astonishment according to Tain,

" That man so long blinded had 

Suddenly opened his eyes and seen."

• Fall of Constantinople [Name of place ] in 1453
• Inventions of printing press -1476- caxton .
• Writer in Italy.
• Dante , petrarch , Boccaccio
• Translations of Bible and manuscript of Greek and Latin literature.
• John wycliff - Translation of the Bible - 1380 - Reformation 

       1611 - authorized version ( Bible.)  

The national life is undoubtedly connected with the development of national literature. Queen Elizabeth loved England and England's greatness and that she inspired all her people. Under her administration that English National live progress by gigantic Leaps than by slow process   and English literature reached the highest point of its development. Idhar aa many pictures of this great age which had its effect on its literature.

• Revival of learning 

 The first and foremost tendency of Elizabethan age was revival of learning. For example , the study of classical Greek and Latin literature. Because of the Fall of Constantinople ( fall of turkistan) in 1453. Scholar keynes to England with the classical manuscripts. Hence, there was a revival of learning this Literature.

• Invention of Printing Press 

The printing press was brought to England by caxton in 1476 and for the first time in history at was possible to give book for an idea to the whole Nation. In That time period books are strat to print and people also read those books.

• Reformation

For the first time the fundamental question of religious tolerance seems to be solved and the mind of man free from religious fear to turn to creativity. This freedom of Mind gave Elizabethan age great motivation and it's also called Golden Age.

• Social Contentment

Increasing trade brought enormous wealth to England with the help of voyages and defect of Spanish Armada ( 1588 ),  New Horizons of life were open. The increase of wealth , the improvement in living , the opportunities for labours brough new social contentment.

• Enthusiasm

It is in an age of Dreams , adventure , unbounded enthusiasm etc. Explorers searching for new land, her scientist wear discovering new universe and her poets are creating new literature. Enthusiasm was spreading in all branches of life as Bacon said , 

" I have taken all Knowledge

For my Province." 

Introduction of Writer 

• Great Elizabethan poetry. 

CHARACTERISTICS OF SPENSER'S POETRY. 

The five main qualities of Spenser's poetry are :

(1) a perfect melody

(2) a rare sense of beauty

(3) a splendid imagination, which could gather into one poem heroes, knights, ladies, dwarfs, demons and dragons, classic mythology, stories of chivalry, and the thronging ideals of the Renaissance,all passing in gorgeous procession across an ever-changing and ever-beautiful landscape; 

(4) a lofty moral purity and seriousness; 

(5) a delicate idealism, which could make all 

nature and every common thing beautiful. In contrast with these excellent qualities the reader will probably note the strange appearance of his lines due to his fondness for obsolete words, like eyne (eyes) and shend (shame), and his tendency to coin others, like mercify, to suit his own purposes. It is Spenser's idealism, his love of beauty, and his exquisite melody which have caused him to be known as "the poets' poet." Nearly all our subsequent singers acknowledge their delight in him and their indebtedness. 

Macaulay alone among critics voices a fault which all who are not poets quickly feel, namely that, with all Spenser's excellences, he is difficult 

to read. The modern man loses himself in the confused allegory of the 'Faery Queen' skips all but the marked passages, and softly closes the 

book in gentle weariness. Even the best of his longer poems, while of exquisite workmanship and delightfully melodious, generally fail to hold 

the reader's attention. The movement is languid; there is little dramatic interest, and only a suggestion of humor. The very melody of his verses 

sometimes grows monotonous, like a Strauss waltz too long continued. We shall best appreciate Spenser by reading at first only a few well-chosen 

selections from the 'Faery Queen' And the Shepherd's Calendar, and a few of the minor poems which exemplify his wonderful melody. 

Philip Sidney 

PHILIP SIDNEY (1554-1586). Sidney, the ideal gentleman, Sir Calidore of Spenser's "Legend of Courtesy," is vastly more interesting as a man than as a writer, and the student is recommended to read his biography rather than his books. His life expresses, better than any single literary work, the 

two ideals of the age personal honor and national greatness. As a writer he is known by three principal works, all published after his 

death, showing how little importance he attached to his own writing, even while he was encouraging Spenser. The Arcadia is a pastoral romance, 

interspersed with eclogues, in which shepherds and shepherdesses sing of the delights of rural life. Though the work was taken up idly as a summer's 

pastime, it became immensely popular and was imitated by a hundred poets. The Apologie for Poetrie  (1595), generally called the Defense of 

Poesie appeared in answer to a pamphlet by Stephen Gosson called The School of Abuse (1579), in which the poetry of the age and its unbridled pleasure were denounced with Puritan thoroughness and conviction. The Apologie is one of the first critical essays in English; and though its 

style now seems labored and unnatural,the pernicious result of Euphues and his school,it is still one of the best expressions of the place and 

meaning of poetry in any language. Astrophel and Stella is a collection of songs and sonnets addressed to Lady Penelope Devereux, to whom Sidney had once been betrothed. They abound in exquisite lines and passages, containing more poetic feeling and expression than the songs of any other minor writer of the age. 

Origin and Development  of Drama 

           The Elizabethan age was an age of great thoughts and great action, apply to eyes as well as 2018 Asian and intellect, finds its literary expiration neither poetry nor the story but in Drama. Thoughts, feelings, action represented in the drama in the best way.

            Initially the drama had religious origin the first directors drama drawn from the Bible. The objective of plays was to make emphasize on the moral lesson by showing. the reward of good and the punishment of evil. The charge becomes the stage for the place there were two types of play famous in religious period : (1). Miracle plays and (2). Mystery plays. The name miracle plays was used for all the place representing the lives of saints and name mystery these was given to all the place related with the life of Christ. 

          Gradually this place where taken from church to town. In the town people from the cycle of the play with the creation and ending with final judgement after life of Christ.

              The four famous cycle of plays Chester, York, Covetri, and Wake - fields. At first the actress as well as authors is plays were the Priests and their assistance. Later , when the town took up the place they  have selected actors and stories in 1576, the first playhouse, "The theater" was built.

Morality Plays.

1. Morality plays always present triumph of virtue and the evil always defeated.
2. The interludes originated as a comic relief an Elizabethan Age. 
3. Artistic period of Drama.

The artistic period as the final stage in the development of English grammar the chief purpose is not too. Immoral life but to present human life as it is. The first comedy 1556 Ralph Royster Doyster. The first true play in English with regular blood divided into acts and the saints is probably the first comedy Ralph Royster Doyster written by Nicholas Udall in 1556. Gorboduc written by a famous writer Thomas Sackville , Thomas Norfon.

Three Unities of Drama.

1. Time 
2. Place
3. Action

In the classic play the Dramatic use Unities of Time , Action and Place were strictly follows.

1. Time and place most remain the same. 
2. The play cord represent a period of only a few hours. 
3. The character remains Unchanged.
4. Important events should not be presented on the stage but only announced. 
5. There should be a sharp line between Tragedy and Comedy.

• Conclusion

To sum of the age of Elizabeth was a time of intellectual Liberty of growing Intelligence and comfort among classes of unbounded Patriotism and enthusiasm and of peace at home. hands we can say that the period of Elizabeth was the true period of renesa and at is known as golden age. 

Tom Jones CP

#Thinking Activity 
#Tom Jones by Henry Failding






The first edition of The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling was published in London on February 28, 1749, by Andrew Miller. A second edition, containing numerous revisions, appeared later that year. A third edition was published in 1750.

                                                     

                        On an inherited estate in Somerset shire in southwestern England, Squire Allworthy lives comfortably in a magnificent Gothic mansion with his spinster sister Bridget. Allworthy had been married to a beautiful woman who bore him three children, all of whom died in infancy. Their mother then followed them to the grave. The squire does not intend to remarry. If Bridget marries and bears a child, it would become the squire's heir. She has time, for she is still in her thirties. 
              One evening, upon his return from a three-month business trip in London, the squire discovers an infant soundly sleeping in his bed and summons his housekeeper, Mrs. Deborah Wilkins, to care for it until the squire gets a nurse for the child. Mrs. Wilkins speculates that the child was born of a neighborhood "hussy" who ought to be punished severely.

"Faugh! how it stinks!" she says. "It doth not smell like a Christian."
                     She recommends that the squire place it in a basket and take it to the local church. But he has already grown fond of the little chap.

                              At breakfast the next day, Allworthy informs his sister of the find. She exhibits compassion for the child but not for the mother, whom she refers to as an "audacious harlet," "wicked jade," and "vile strumpet." After concluding that none of their virtuous servant girls could be impugned in the matter, the Allworthys charge Mrs. Wilkins with learning the identity of the mother. The housekeeper secures the help of a friend, an elderly matron who knows her way around the neighborhood.            .                                    

                                             It is not long before they fix their suspicion on a young girl named Jenny Jones, the servant of a schoolmaster, Mr. Partridge. She is unlike other girls her age in that, surrounded by the schoolmaster's books, she has educated herself and even learned Latin from her master. The suspicions of the two women intensify when they recall that Jenny had spent time in the Allworthy home tending Miss Bridget during an illness. 
.                       When Mrs. Wilkins summons her, she confesses her guilt. Squire Allworthy, a magistrate, tells the girl that the law empowers him to punish her. However, he merely upbraids her for her immoral conduct, then informs her that he will rear the child in his home and provide for it in a way that she cannot. When he asks her to identify the father, she says honor and “religious vows" prevent her from doing so. Allworthy sends her to Little Eddington, a town a day's journey away, to protect her from wagging tongues. Neighbors then aim their gossip at Allworthy, suggesting that he fathered the child. He is, of course, innocent of the charge.

Second introduction 

Henry fielding made Tom’s character as became ambiguity.  The novel “Tom Jones” was combination of comedy and moral judgment. Fielding use of language as irony. We know that literary meaning of the world and how they constructed of life in social construction. We see the gentle man may not mean the same in connotation significance. The structure of the novel “Tom Jones” is Irony of Form”.  The novel was narrated as third person narration. Tom character is good and bad both the side. And every action has dual meaning in the novel form need for ironic. It should be simple and supportive. It is for our psychological mind and a ethnical pleasure. It is a virtual history or memory created by a literary artist with the perception of real world experience.  How tom Jones was reflected England society and youth represented them. He was rebellions younger man and sent mental man as a satire and realistic novel.   Mrs. Water role was servant. Tom was relation with bridge. So called social morality is the result of irony in the novel. Sophia was loved her father and how she became good to tom.  She was recognized and clear them. Jenny is happy and given good things to Tom. He was love them his aunt Jenny. Jenny and Mrs. Water was vital role in tom’s life.  Here we see that generation gap and how society represented them. Tom falls to play his role as power a responsible brother and lack of decisive power. How his human nature to tome life its became you. We see our self to become tom. Tom misjudgment fails to understand human nature. Mr.Allworthy and Mrs. Allworthy play vital of Tom s life. We see that Sophia love tom but here we see that Tom affair with many girls.  He was respected to women but not evil of the Jones family. 

Mrs. Allworthy: I knew!  I have faults, but ingratitude to you is not one of them. I never can nor shall forget your goodness, which lawn I have very little deserved…

              Here we see that tom becomes good to Allworthy family. He was rich but not any child to them. That’s why tom became member of this family. Many a time jenny is match making of many characters. Tom’s basic goodness must either arise from innate qualities or be learned. Allworthy natural love of justice and his coolness of temper. In that case, we see that Allworthy given to impropertrial by tom. When dinner was over, and servants departed Mr.allworthy begun to harangue. He set him and a long speech to tom.

                In novel we say that Tom is innocent child but society given to bad thing to Tom’s life. How nobility of heart and to be birth in found tom character. Fielding is creating reality of social, morality, political and economical consenter in novel. Fielding given to moral lesson and use to “I” and “My” as may be Reader. But in perhaps the reader may wonder why lady Ballston.  Who in Sophia heart hatred. she should be so desirous of promoting a match which was so much to interest of young woman. Tom Jones makes us laugh at our own weakness in this novel.

   So we can say that Tom represent to youth. And society becomes wild of them, there are so bad to people them. Fielding use to satire and comic sconce in novel to may be his styles of writing. Tom character was good and bad but at end he became moral and   religious person.

Paradise Lost by John Milton

# Thinking Activity
# Paradise Lost by John Milton
# 24 - September - 2019

Hello ...
          Welcome reader on my Blog. Here is I'm talking about The epic poem " Paradise Lost " by John Milton.

# Brief introduction Of Poem 

#• In this great epic poem Paradise Lost the writer John Milton talk about Gods creation of world. How he creat world and how Human , animal , sun  , moon , trees all are survive on Earth. But It is all about Divine perspective but Milton talk about Human Perspective. In his book Human is the center character of the book. But in Bible God is the center of the Universe.
#• In this Poem Satan , Eve and Adam is the center character. Satan is the Main character of this epic. And he talk about creation of God and also Human. This whole epic about the creation of world.

Question - 1 
What is your Understanding of Human Perspective and Divine Perspective ? Give illustrations to support your understanding.

Answer - 1
#• This epic was the great epic on God and Human and also about their creation. He was wrote in his book How God creat world and How (hi) man created world on his own perspective or also his own requirements. In Christian holy book Bible Says that God creats man because In Bible God is the center of universe but in Milton 's book Man is the center of universe.

• If we show as biblical way than Adam and Eve are first person who live on Earth and they have Divine power to talk with God and also the come to do good work.
• But the psychological aspect of Satan Man fall down because of Woman. And in this book Milton also says that because Satan give a fruit to Eve and Eve give this fruit to Adam and Adam eat this fruit and fall down on his good way and than God punish them.
• If Eve is to be punished for her 'Disobedience', why should her children also be cursed.
•' Paradise Lost ' in this epic Milton appealing many characters as psychological acpect like Satan. In Genesis , The fall is narrated from God's ( Divine ) Perspective.
• If Satan used serpent body to harm Adam, Eve and Edam, why should it be punished instead of Satan.
• The Character of Eve , Adam , Satan is created by God and they are Puppet of God. They don't have emotions , feeling and also they are voiceless.
• If Adam shares the Guilt, he is not fairt well Judged and punished, he seems to be in God's good book.
• In this epic Satan tempted ( convince ) Eve and Eve tempted Adam and fall eventuated. And than God punish them for their Mistake. Why God can't forgive them? He creat world and he have emotions and feeling why he don't forgive to Satan  , Eve and Adam.
• Human Perspective is proved by Milton's Paradise Lost. In this epic (Hu)man is the center character of the Universe. And he also don't talk with God or supernatural power. And people also don't believe in that.
• But some people are believe in Hell or Heaven. He think if they do some bed work , he have Hell after death. But as we know no one know what happened after death.


Question - 2.
How do you read the character of Eve as transgresser and yet defendable? 

Answer - 2 .
This great epic Paradise Lost is written by week known writer John Milton. In this epic Eve was the first woman who live on earth. She was beautiful woman and she love Adam. And she tempted Adam to eat fruit and Adam fall. Character of Eve is the Strong and defiant. She is know how to freely live and independently live on Earth. But after the fall of Adam he bleam on Eve to eat fruit but Adam also eat this fruit but he plays petty blame game with Eve.
• Here we show the petty game of Adam he also eat fruit but he bleam Eve. She was the victim of patriarchal MindsetM. Satan grap the opportunity whenwhw saw Eve alone like "Easy to convince women" in comparison of man. They are Puppet of God and God play with them also. And God use them for his power. 

Wordsworth and Coleridge

# Thinking Activity - 5

# Paper - 3 - Literary Criticism 

# Difference between Prose and Poetry 

# 21 - September - 2019

                

Hello...

• Welcome to all Reader on my Blog. In this blog I'm taking about the well known writer Wordsworth and Coleridge ,the  founder of Romantic Era. This thinking activity given by our Professor Dr. Dilip Barad. Click here for Dr. Dilip Barad Blog. 

•# Write brief note on the views of Wordsworth and Coleridge on Poem.

# Brief introduction of William Wordsworth :-  

                        

• William Wordsworth ( Born : 7-April-1770 , Died : 23-April-1850 ) was an English Romantic poet. Wordsworth's last work of his life was magnum opus is generally considered to be The Prelude , a semi autobiographical poem , It is published after the death of Wordsworth by his wife , which it was generally known as " The poem to Coleridge." 

• In the ' Advertisement ' included in the 1798 edition , Wordsworth explained his poetical concept :
" The majority of the following poems are to be considered as experiments. They were written  chiefly with a view of ascertain how far the language of conversation in the middle and lower classes of society is adapted to the purpose of poetic pleasure."

# Brief Introduction of Coleridge

• Samuel Taylor Coleridge ( Born : 21-October-1772 , Died : 28-July-1834 ) was an great English poet and also he was great critic and philosopher. He was wrote so many great poetry. And also he was the great philosopher in his time period. And he also tried to give critical comment and argument on question like what is poet and what is Poetry?.

# Brief Introduction of the Work Lyrical Ballads. 

• preface to lyrical ballads is a collection of poems, first published in 1798 by two well known poet Wordsworth and Coleridge in Romantic Era. It is the biginnig of Romantic Movement in Literature. Wordsworth contributed the mojority of the poems , and Coleridge contributed four poems to Lyrical Ballads than Wordsworth , most famous poem of Coleridge is " The Rime of The Ancient Mariner."

• Main theme of Lyrical Ballads is the returt to the original state of nature and subject of poetry was singal, shift to modern Literature.

# Views of Wordsworth and Coleridge  Poem.

# Views on Poetry by Wordsworth      

• He sought to give the charm of Novelty to things of everyday object of Nature by colouring it with the power of imagination.

• Presented the common and simple life of peasants and shepherds realistic description of his experience.

• He remained of the Earth and his own time.

• He was a good Teacher and Moralist also.

• He have Lack Musical quality and he  'have no ear for fine sound. '

• Simplicity in Diction - no difference between prose and poetry.

• He use high priest of Nature in his work.

# Samuel Taylor Colreidge
• He sought to give the charm of Novelty to things of everybody objects by making Supernatural nature.

• Introduced dream like quality - element of mystery - wonder and Supernatural.

• Went to middle ages - created the atmosphere of Magic and Mystery.

• He was a great Artist.

• Epicure in sounds master of Melody.

• Element of mysticism in Diction he differentiates pros and Poetry in Diction.

• Lived in the world of fancy and thoughts.

# Analyze 2 poems with reference to Wordsworth and Coleridge's views.

#            The Solitary Reaper
                                  - William Wordsworth 

Behold her, single in the field,

Yon solitary Highland Lass!

Reaping and singing by herself;

Stop here, or gently pass!

Alone she cuts and binds the grain,

And sings a melancholy strain;

O listen! for the Vale profound

Is overflowing with the sound.

No Nightingale did ever chaunt

More welcome notes to weary bands

Of travellers in some shady haunt,

Among Arabian sands:

A voice so thrilling ne'er was heard

In spring-time from the Cuckoo-bird,

Breaking the silence of the seas

Among the farthest Hebrides.

Will no one tell me what she sings?—

Perhaps the plaintive numbers flow

For old, unhappy, far-off things,

And battles long ago:

Or is it some more humble lay,

Familiar matter of to-day?

Some natural sorrow, loss, or pain,

That has been, and may be again?

Whate'er the theme, the Maiden sang

As if her song could have no ending;

I saw her singing at her work,

And o'er the sickle bending;—

I listened, motionless and still;

And, as I mounted up the hill,

The music in my heart I bore,

Long after it was heard no more.

#• 'The Solitary Reaper' is a long narrative ballad by William Wordsworth. This poem published in 1807. Food is divided into 4 stanza. In this poem Poet talk about the girlw, who was alone in her farm Highland. She reaping and sing a Melancholy song for herself. Its a friend shoes in whole vale profound. Poet compared Nightingale with this girl. At that time one travellers group pass out near this haunt and travellers weary bands group take rest in Arabian sands. At that time Poet listen Anxious sound and he talk about cuckoo - bird and than he tells no one can tell me what she sang. Perhaps she sang sad song , Poet think why she sang sad song about her bed experience or any old war and etc thing. And at last poet think he never can heard this song or voice again in his life , but he kept that song in his heart and feel this song very much because this is so much emotional song she sang. So Poet talk about girls song and than Poet goes on his way. 

#               Christable 

                         - Samule Taylor Colreidge.

#• Christable by Samuel Taylor Coleridge for this Poetry Click here .

#• 'Christable' is a long narrative ballad  by Samuel Taylor Coleridge , in two parts. The first part was reputedly written in 1797 , and the second in 1800. Coleridge planned three additional parts , but these were never completed.

#• The theme of mysticism , which is prominent in one of Colreidge' s most fantastical poem ' Kubla Khan ' , is also prominent in Christable. Geraldine is overtaken by mysterious spell several times during the poem , and nere the end of the poem , she somehow transfers the effects of the spell to Christable. 

#• Christable is princess. Her father name Baron Sir Leoline. Christable going in Forest for praying God because she show one dream of her future husband. So she goes in Forest and pray for him at one Oak tree , that time she show one lady , she wearing white palin saree and told Christable to her whole story. Five man kidnap her and her name is Geraldine. And than they come back to Christable house and than she puts a spell on poor , innocent Christable that makes it impossible for Christable to tell anyone about what she and Geraldine do in the bed. The spell works so well that even the speaker doesn't know exactly what happened , and the reader is never fully informed either , what we do know is that they were both naked and there is a lot of talk about bosoms. And early morning Christable talk with her father about Geraldine and her father ask to Geraldine to his father's name. Than he knows , she is her friend's daughter and Baron Sir Leoline give message to his friend Lord Roland to take his daughter back , she is safe at Boron Sir Leoline ' s house.

Religious Festival v/s Science

# 08 - August - 2019, Sunday.

# Shitala Satam v/s Science.

                                     V/S

• In our country India religion people are living and we have lots of festival from there. Festival plays a vital role in human life, our day to day life routine life. Festival game happiness and joy. All festival connected with religion, how many meet behind this festivals and legendary stories. We have so many Myth behind festival, Temple, etc. But it have his own space. We have lots of festival like Holi-Dhuleti, chhath-Satam- Atham ,Navratri ,Dussehra ,Diwali ,New year ,Vasant Panchami ,Ganesh Chaturthi etc.

• If any critic and rational thinker come in India he observed our rituals and worshipping of God, disease of God like smallpox (people call it ori mata). Which type of impression he takes from India? And also we have got from nature like Vayudev ,Suryadev , Jaldevi , Varundev , etc. We have clear year of days and here is the extremely rooted in consciousness of human beings. Which things people can't control people give it a position of God and surrender himself on God.

• Now we talk about festival of Gujarat. In some regions of Gujarat shitala ( શીતળા ) satam is celebrated on Shud satam, while remaining regions it is on vad satam Gujarati month of Shravan. People especially womens of the family worship goddess shitala and pray for good health of her family. The eat food made On previous day, as called cold food. Please wait behind this is this will prevent diseases Ori and similar.

• The scientific reason behind this maybe by eating previous day food will increase immunity. And shitala satam is dedicated to God shitala uses of Pox chicken pox or cow pox.
           " No medicine is given as it is
             believed that the disease ap-
             pears throughout some error
             of fault in the worship of
                       ' Shitala Mata '."

• The Godess of Pox and measles. It is observed for the welfare of children and family and its escape from measles and smallpox. Smallpox was the first disease that people tried to prevent themselves by including themselves with other infections. Smallpox inoculation has been occurring in India and other Nation for many years.

# Information About Small Pox 
                   
• Small Pox is an ancient disease caused by the variola virus. Early symptoms include fever and fatigue. Virus then produced a characteristic ros particularly on the face arms and legs.
• The speed of smallpox transmission it generally slower than for such disease as measles or chicken pox. Patients spread smallpox primarily to household members and friends because by the time patients are contagious , they are usually sick and stay in bed , large out breaks in school were uncommon.
• Smallpox no longer occurs naturally since it was totally eradicated by Alandi and painstaking process, which identified all cases and their contacts and and ensured they were all Vaccinated. Until then smallpox killed many millions of people. The pioneer of smallpox vaccine the world's first vaccine made by Edward Jenner. He was an English physician and scientist. The disease of cow pox is the Vaccine of smallpox. In 1976 was first experimented on his vaccine.
        

• The use of Neem leaves is considered beneficial for the patient of smallpox. Neem has antiseptic properties and suffers bad in covered with Neem leaves. Neem has proved effective against certain fungi that infect the human body. Such fungi are an increasing a problem and have been difficult to control by synthetic fungicides.

" The tree's Sanskrit 

Name was " Arishtha"

Meaning " Reliever Sickness."

• Some Myths and Facts about Smallpox.

• Myth of Smallpox

• Smallpox can be cured. Smallpox still occurs naturally. Not enough Smallpox Vaccine exists for everyone. The Vaccine is often deadly. Childhood Smallpox vaccinations would protect against a new attack. Vaccination won't work if given after exposure to the virus.

• Facts of Smallpox

• There is no proven treatment, thought newer antiviral drugs would repeat it probably be tried in the events of an outbreak. The last case was in 1977. The government believes it has plenty. Probably fewer than three per million would die from the shots. Protection probably wears off within 20 years. People are protected if Vaccinated within two or three days.

• Indians are worshipping daily disease as a God. In Indian rituals where is a very rational idea cold like butter ,buttermilk ,milk, card etc. India is a much busiest in worshipping of God and Goddesses. People have fear from God and also from disease. Saudi ka natak injection of disease they have so much fear from it and surrender himself to God. And they have fear to take the Vaccine of disease.
• If people are not aware about current disease. In 21st century many educated people living in the world and they also believing in God and Goddesses. NTR think God helps them every time and they can't have any Vaccine of disease. Till how can we survive from disease? It is crual mentality of religious people. Give advice to all friends ,family members, relatives to take Vaccines of disease. Come on let's aware about every disease and its Vaccine.

August : Month of Patriotism

# 8th September 2019 , Sunday. 

# August : Month Of Patriotism. 

Hello Readers...
     

• August is the month of Patriotism​. As we all know 15-August-1947 we independent from British Raj from after 200 (Two hundred years) of his Ruling and we celebrate Independence Day on that day. Since today we celebrate 72 Independence Day and On today we celebrate 73 years of our Independence from British Raj. We pass 72 years for India's development , that time is not small time for development of any country like Social , Economical , Educational , Cultural , etc. Things. India is developing for his Cultivation , Farm Tools , Fertilizer , Seeds , Pesticides , Irrigation , Lighting , etc. things. And also India is developing in other things like Industries. Many Industries are born increase and died. But still Technological Industries and Film Industries are not loss and they don't found any history about it. It still working hard from starting. It have many new things to maintain and also development. As we all know Literature have no limits or boundaries and also no one make line between any literature. Literature and films are not partial and its giving good or bad things and also realising right things. Your is a two poem about our thinking on Independence and liberty.



 
           1. Indian Hindi Short Films.
1. In Defence of Freedom : A Film by Nandita Das. 

• Actor : Nawazuddin Siddiqui.
• Character : Saddat Hasan Manto.

• In this short film the writer tell truth of our society , and Nawazuddin played role in this short film. He talked about the character Manto. He wrote about on that topic that he shows in our society. What to write or what not to write? We should write anything which we show in our society are front us. Manto tell all wrtern things are fair , open , visual , or transparent any present storyline or condition. Man to write about Prostitution and also the people who are connected with it , it is not wrong. They all are part of our society. In our world well educated people and living but also can't accept them and also some few people don't like that concept of thought. So they walked out from the room. And also he told people blame many writer for his work. The short film make us free from thinking. Manto prove that literature doesn't have any limits. Free to think and also Express his views of society. 

After one person goes out from room , Manto ask him ..

" हकीकत से इंकार करना क्या हमें बेहतर इंसान बनाएगा? "

" जो जैसी है उसे वैसे ही पेश क्यों ना किया जाए, टाट को रेशम क्यों कहा जाए......"

2. This Bloody Lines...

• This short film remember us the moment of partition between India and Pakistan. India and Pakistan is one Nation 15th August 1947. This poem talks about line between two countries , line between one land and divided into two parts. British are divided into two part. Before the partition people living very happy life. Before partition Brotherhood and tranquillity in India and also not religious blindness. It is partition between many people and their feelings. Many people homeless and helpless in the movement of partition and also the move other side.  In 1947 , Cyril John Radcliff draw a  line between one Nation and divided into two countries. Many people become homeless overnight and many people slaughter (killed) in the moment of partition. A well known American Writer wrote poem about the movement of partition between India and Pakistan. He can't mentioned name of Cyril John Radcliff in whole poem but he use the word "Partition." 

•  Auden's poem he talked about Cyril John Radcliff and he told ' He was lawyer.' In this short film John Radcliff was feel be some time because of Partition moment. He also said to the Lord Chancellor, " Why me? I'm just a Lawyer... I've never been to India." And Lord Chancellor said , " Do it in the service of your country." When Cyril John Radcliff met Mahatma and also he told me "Cyril , this Partition is going to create  a lot of Violence." After partition so much religious violence was done. And also many people help less current time in this religious violence between two countries. So he repants of his decision of partition and he told this draw of line called "This bloody line." 

                   2. देश एक राग है...

• In this poem writer what about 'Nation' and 'Country'. He is using the idea 'Nation' and 'Country' he describes that very well. And you also told difference between this two word "Nation" and "Country."

•Some lines of the poem...

मैं देश के नाम सन्देश देना चाहता था

राष्ट्र के नाम नहीं
देश के नाम
जानता हूँ ऐसे सन्देश केवल
राष्ट्रपति और प्रधानमंत्री समय समय पर देते रहे हैं
जो राष्ट्र के नाम प्रसारित किये जाते हैं
इन संदेशों की कोइ विवशता होगी
तभी तो उनकी भाषा ऐसी तयशुदा होती है की
उनमें कहीं कोई उतार-चढ़ाव नहीं होता
न कहीं मार्मिक स्पर्श
सुनता आ रहा हूँ ऐसे सन्देश और किसी का कोई एक
वाक्य भी ठीक से याद नहीं......